What is a Double Play
A defensive play in which two offensive players are put out as a result of continuous action.
A double play is a defensive play in which two offensive players are put out as a result of continuous action. It is often called a "pitcher's best friend" because it can erase a baserunner and retire the batter in a single sequence, quickly ending a threatening inning with just one hit ball.
How a Double Play Works
The most common form of double play — the 4-6-3 double play — begins with a ground ball hit to the second baseman (position 4), who throws to the shortstop (6) covering second base for a force out, who then relays the ball to the first baseman (3) to retire the batter before they reach first. All of this happens in a matter of seconds.
Double plays require timing, communication, and sure hands from all involved fielders. The middle infielder turning the double play at second base must often release the throw quickly while avoiding a sliding baserunner.
Common Types of Double Plays
- Ground ball double play (GDP) — A ground ball leads to a force out at second, then a throw to first. The most common variety.
- Line drive double play — A fielder catches a line drive for one out, then throws to a base to double off a runner who had already left the base.
- Strikeout-caught stealing — The catcher catches strike three and throws to second to retire a baserunner attempting a stolen base.
- Reverse double play (3-6-3) — The first baseman fields a grounder, throws to second, and receives the throw back for the second out.
The Double Play in Strategy
From a defensive perspective, the double play is one of the most valuable plays in baseball. A team that can reliably turn double plays limits opposing rallies and reduces pitch counts. Teams prioritize having sure-handed, rangy middle infielders who can execute the play efficiently.
From an offensive perspective, hitting into a double play is one of the worst outcomes for a batter. Hitters with runners on base are coached to pull the ball through gaps or elevate their swing to avoid grounding into a double play.
Statistics and Records
Hitters who frequently ground into double plays are said to have a high GIDP (Grounded Into Double Play) rate. This is factored into advanced metrics as a negative contribution. Cal Ripken Jr. and Jim Rice are among the all-time MLB leaders in career GIDPs, largely due to their pull-heavy, ground ball tendencies.